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Chapter 1 - Understanding the Web Design Environment REPUBLIC OF NICARAGUA
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1. HTML is a subset of which markup language? HTML is a subset of SGML 2. List three characteristics of HTML that make it ideal for the World Wide Web. HTML is ideal for the Web because it is an open, nonproprietary language that is cross-platform compatible. All of the markup tags are included with every document and usually can be viewed through your browser 3. What are the benefits of viewing source code on the Web? Can learn new coding techniques and see what works on standard Web pages 4. What work does the World Wide Web Consortium perform? It serves as a standards organization to set recommended practices that guarantee the open nature of the Web, and coordinates the efforts to develop new markup languages and standards 5. What is a deprecated element? Deprecated elements are those that the W3C has identified as obsolete and consequently will not be included in future releases of HTML 6. What is a proprietary element? Proprietary elements are those developed for a particular browser, such as <font> and <center>, which were developed specifically for the Netscape browser. 7. What style language allows the separation of style from structure in HTML? Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 8. What are the advantages of using an external style sheet? An external style sheet contains style rules for elements and let you style Web pages with much less code than standard HTML 9. What feature distinguishes XML from HTML? The major difference between XML and HTML is that HTML is a predefined set of elements that the browser understands, while XML is a metalanguage, meaning it is a language about a language. XML lets you describe a markup language, allowing you to create your own elements to meet your information needs. 10. What are the two types of style languages designed for use with XML? CSS and Extensible Style Language (XSL) 11. Explain how XML lends itself to customized data applications. Because XML allows better data handling, allowing data to pass between applications and devices with greater ease. For example, tabular data for stock pricing information could be sent to multiple destinations and displayed to best fit the user’s individual display type, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or cell phone. This arrangement gives the same data greater value; though it only needs to be generated once, it can be displayed in many ways. 12. What improvements does XHTML promise over existing HTML? One of the significant advantages of making HTML part of XML is that XML has stricter code syntax. As more sites adopt XHTML, they will have to clean up code that does not match the standard. With more Web sites using cleaner code, browsers have to do less work judging what is correct code and what is not. Additionally, XHTML is designed to appear properly in browsers that support HTML 4.0. 13. Explain how different browsers affect the display of a Web page. The logic for interpreting HTML tags varies from browser to browser, resulting in many possibly conflicting interpretations of the way the HTML file is displayed.The results of HTML code can look very different when viewed with different browsers. 14. Describe the benefits of semantic markup. When you use semantic markup, the document elements match the meaning and usage of the document sections; a <p> signifies a paragraph, a <blockquote> is for a lengthy quotation and so on. Semantically correct markup is readable not only by humans but by machines as well, lending itself to improved recognition by search engines, news agents, and accessibility devices. 15. Describe some common reasons HTML code might not validate correctly. The most common mistakes that will make your code invalid include: · Non DOCTYPE declaration · Missing closing tags, most commonly on paragraphs · Missing ALT attributes in IMG elements · Incorrect tag nesting · Unquoted attributes 16. List the two most common screen resolutions. 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768 17. Explain how screen resolution affects the display of a Web page. Some users choose the highest resolution of 1024 ´ 768, allowing them to display more on the screen. They may have multiple application windows open at the same time. Users at 800 ´ 600 usually maximize their browser to full screen. At 800 x 600, screen content might fill the browser window, while users viewing the page at 1024 ´ 768 would see the content aligned to the one side of the page only. 18. List four common types of Internet connection technologies. Regular telephone line, ISDN basic, Digital Subscriber Line, and cable modem 19. Explain how the browser’s caching capability improves download time. The first time you visit a site, the entire contents of the HTML file (which is plain text) and every image referenced in the HTML code is downloaded to your hard drive. The next time you visit this site, your browser downloads and parses the HTML file. The browser checks to see if it has any of the specified images stored locally on the computer’s hard drive in the cache. The cache is the browser’s temporary storage area for Web pages and images. The browser always tries to load images from the cache rather than downloading them again from the Web. 20. Explain the three issues you should consider when designing for multiple operating systems. Monitors and display software, browser versions, and font choices
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